Acknowledgements

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We would like to thank our supervisors Dr. Jian-Fei Chen and Professor Jin Ooi for their continued supervision, support, and encouragement.

Dr. Chen is responsible for introducing us to this thesis project in the first place. We are very grateful for his guidance in tackling the research problem and for demonstrating how persistence can achieve any goal.

Professor Ooi is helping us run the EDEM simulations. We are very grateful for his advice in using the software and helping us understand the challenging research that lies behind the simulation process.

Thank you to Mr. Mical Johnston for his continuing support with the use of the EDEM software and to Mr. Evangelos Dimitriou, for his advice at the start of this project and in particular in regard to the production of this web site.

We look forward to working with all our supervisors and co-supervisors through-out the course of this research.

We would like to express our deep gratitude and thanks to our friends Francesco Figari for his IT expertise and advice on the production of this web site, Adam Sadowski and Karl Quinn for always being there to offer help and advice.

To our family and friends for all their encouragement and moral support; Karolina would like to thank her dear parents and brother; Yousif would like to thank his dear wife Samiya and his two sons Ibrahim and Tohami.